Prevalence and control of Cotylophoron spp.: An emerging parasitic infection among dairy cattle herds established in rural areas of the tropical Andes, Merida, Venezuela
Abstract
In order to determine the prevalence and the controlled effect of two anthelmintics on Cotylophoron spp. in bovine herds in Mérida, Venezuela, four dairy farms were visited where 30 cows, with an average weight of 449.54 ± 59.20 kg and a mean body condition score of 2.98 ± 0.62, were randomly selected from each farm, all of which were naturally infected with Cotylophoron spp. For the parasitological diagnosis, fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum and placed in labeled plastic bags to be stored at 4ºC until they arrived at the laboratory; subsequently, three groups were randomly organized, each consisting of 10 animals. The first group was administered 3 mg of rafoxanide/kg of body weight subcutaneously; the second group received an oral mixture of 15 mg of oxyclozanide/kg + 7.5 mg of levamisole/kg, and the control group remained untreated. To monitor the effectiveness of the drugs, coprological analyses were conducted using the modified sedimentation and sieving test on days 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 post-treatment, along with the recording of body weight. The prevalence of Cotylophoron spp. was found to be 97.29 ± 2.19%, averaging 140.5 ± 83.21 eggs in the total feces evaluated; meanwhile, the animals dewormed with oxyclozanide + levamisole showed a significant reduction (P≤0.05) of 92.23 ± 4.70% in parasitic load by d 15 of treatment, while those treated with rafoxanide reduced the eggs present in the feces by 43.88 ± 18.80%; additionally, there was a weight gain (P≤0.05) in the cows that received oxyclozanide + levamisole, a value significantly different from that obtained in animals treated with rafoxanide and the control, which were
statistically similar (P≥0.05). It is concluded that Cotylophoron spp. is resistant to the use of rafoxanide, while the combination of oxyclozanide and levamisole showed reduced efficacy for its control.
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