Uso potencial de acetogeninas como coadyuvante en el tratamiento del tumor venéreo transmisible canino. Reporte de caso
Resumen
La vincristina, un alcaloide antimicrotubular, es el tratamiento estándar para el tumor venéreo transmisible en caninos debido a su elevada tasa de remisión clínica; sin embargo, recientes investigaciones han explorado su combinación con compuestos naturales bioactivos como estrategia para mejorar la eficacia terapéutica y reducir efectos adversos. El presente estudio evaluó la eficacia clínica de la vincristina en combinación con acetogeninas, fitoquímicos derivados de hojas de Annona muricata, en dos perras con diagnóstico citológico confirmado de tumor venéreo transmisible genital. Ambas pacientes recibieron Vincristina a 0,5 mg·m-² por vía intravenosa, una vez por semana durante seis semanas. En una de las pacientes, desde la primera sesión de quimioterapia, se administró una dosis diaria de 7,5 a 10 mg de acetogeninas durante los primeros 15 días. A partir de la tercera aplicación, la dosis se incrementó a 14,5 a 20 mg·día-1 de acetogeninas, distribuida en dos tomas (una cápsula en la mañana y otra en la noche) junto con la alimentación, y se mantuvo hasta completar cuatro meses de tratamiento. La hembra canina que recibió la terapia combinada presentó una regresión tumoral temprana, con una reducción significativa desde la segunda semana y una remisión clínica del 99,85 % al finalizar el protocolo. No se observaron efectos adversos atribuibles a las acetogeninas durante su administración. En contraste, la paciente tratada únicamente con vincristina mostró una respuesta parcial, con persistencia del tejido tumoral. La combinación de vincristina con acetogeninas se perfila como una estrategia terapéutica prometedora que podría mejorar la eficacia del tratamiento convencional del tumor venéreo transmisible canino. No obstante, estos resultados deben ser validados mediante estudios clínicos controlados, con mayor número de unidades experimentales, evaluaciones histopatológicas y de marcadores moleculares que permitan esclarecer los mecanismos de acción implicados y establecer protocolos estandarizados.
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