Non-functioning follicular compact thyroid carcinoma in a 7-year-old canine patient. Clinical case
Abstract
Thyroid neoplasias represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in Veterinary Medicine. Although their etiology is multifactorial, genetic predisposition, breed, and age have been associated with an increased risk. We present the case of a seven-year-old male poodle with thyroid carcinoma, the most common thyroid neoplasia in dogs. The diagnosis was established by a comprehensive evaluation that included cytology, ultrasound, computed tomography, and blood biochemistry. Surgery (radical unilateral thyroidectomy) confirmed the diagnosis histologically and allowed local control of the disease. However, the patient presented significant preoperative biochemical alterations, which underscores the importance of a meticulous presurgical evaluation to identify possible comorbidities and optimize postoperative management. Long-term follow-up, including hormonal evaluation and imaging studies, did not show metastasis, suggesting that surgery was curative in this case. The findings emphasize the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of canine thyroid tumors, with the aim of improving the quality of life and survival of patients.
Downloads
References
Giannasi C, Rushton S, Rook A, Steen NVD, Venier F, Ward PT, Bell R, Trevail T, Lamb V, Eiras A, Ellis J, Roberts E. Canine thyroid carcinoma prognosis following the utilisation of computed tomography assisted staging. Vet. Rec. [Internet]. 2021; 189(1):e55. doi: https://doi.org/n9f9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.55
Madariaga GJ. Estudio citológico de la glándula tiroides. En: Massone AR, Quiroga MA, Machuca MA. (edts). Citología en caninos y felinos: herramientas para la interpretación diagnóstica.Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), Argentina. [Internet]. 2024 [Recuperado 12 Julio 2024]; 123-128 p. Disponible en: https://goo.su/xOQZlEE
Holgado SR, López-López J, Jaenes-Amarillo JC, Cartagea-Albertus JC. Tiroides y paratiroides: visión quirúrgica de las glándulas. Argos. [Internet]. 2022 [Recuperado 22 Sept. 2024]; 243:40-43. Disponible en: https://goo.su/s89wNE
Yamamoto H, Ishii J, Chiba T, Nakazato Y, Hirano K, Kamma H. Sporadic minute medullary thyroid carcinoma with a double RET mutation: A case report. Pathol. Int. [Internet]. 2017; 67(11):580-584. doi: https://doi.org/n9gm DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pin.12588
Basolo F, Macerola E, Poma AM, Torregrossa L. The 5th edition of WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs: changes in the diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine. [Internet]. 2023; 80:470–476. doi: https://doi.org/g8qq7f DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03336-4
Campos M, Ducatelle R, Rutteman G, Kooistra HS, Duchateau L, de Rooster H, Peremans K, Daminet S. Clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical prognostic factors in dogs with thyroid carcinoma. J. Vet. Intern. Med. [Internet]. 2014; 28(6):1805-1813. doi: https://doi.org/n9gp DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12436
Zambrano-Loor MB, Castillo-Hidalgo EP. Reporte de caso clínico: Carcinoma anaplásico de tiroides en paciente canino de 9 años. MQR Investigar. [Internet]. 2024; 8(1), 3922–3940. doi: https://doi.org/n9gq DOI: https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.8.1.2024.3922-3940
Enache D, Ferro L, Morello EM, Massari F, Romanelli G, Nicoli S, Guazzetti S, Porporato F, Zini E. Thyroidectomy in dogs with thyroid tumors: Survival analysis in 144 cases (1994-2018). J. Vet. Intern. Med. [Internet]. 2023; 37(2):635-647. doi: https://doi.org/n9gr DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16644
Jankovic J, Dettwiler M, Fernández MG, Tièche E, Hahn K, April-Monn S, Dettmer MS, Kessler M, Rottenberg S, Campos M. Validation of Immunohistochemistry for Canine Proteins Involved in Thyroid Iodine Uptake and Their Expression in Canine Follicular Cell Thyroid Carcinomas (FTCs) and FTC-Derived Organoids. Vet. Pathol. [Internet]. 2021; 58(6):1172-1180. doi: https://doi.org/g7jqmm DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858211018813
Villalba López Ignacio, Sánchez Mesa Ignacio. Guía Práctica de interpretación analítica y diagnóstico diferencial en pequeños animales. ISBN 978-84-16315-19-2. [LIbro] 2015.
Radlinsky MG. Thyroid Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Prac. [Internet]. 2007; 37(4):789-798. doi: https://doi.org/d8j28k DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.04.001
Liptak JM. Canine thyroid carcinoma. Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract. [Internet]. 2007; 22(2):75-81. doi: https://doi.org/dph5zv DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.03.007
Yoshimoto S, Kato D, Kamoto S, Yamamoto K, Tsuboi M, Shinada M, Ikeda N, Tanaka Y, Yoshitake R, Eto S, Saeki K, Chambers J, Kinoshita R, Uchida K, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Immunohistochemical evaluation of HER2 expression in canine thyroid carcinoma. Heliyon. [Internet]. 2019; 5(7):e02004. doi: https://doi.org/n9gs DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02004
Jung CK, Bychlov A, Kakudo K. Update of the World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Tumors: A Standardized Diagnostic Approach. Endocrinol. Metab. [Internet]. 2022; 37(5):703-718. doi: https://doi.org/gq4xjq DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1553
de Nardi AB, Daleck CR, Silva MCV, Canola JC, Dias LG, Calazans SG, Fernandes SC, Eurides D, Silva LAF, Huppes RR. Carcinoma folicular de tiroides en perros: Reporte de casos. Arch. Med. Vet. [Internet]. 2011; 43(1):91-94. doi: https://doi.org/cwcjqt DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2011000100013
Maurenzig ND, Koscinczuk P, Polo MV, Cainzos RP. Hipertiroidismo canino en un paciente con carcinoma folicular tiroideo. Clin. Vet. Peq. Anim. [Internet]. 2017[Recuperado 12 Octubre 2024]; 37(1):43-47. Disponible en: https://goo.su/JgJAi
Pessina-Serdio AP. Carcinoma tiroideo en perros: aspectos moleculares. [tesis de maestría en Internet]. Uruguay: Universidad de la República, Uruguay; 2011 [Recuperada 10 Sep 2024]. 50 p. Disponible en: https://goo.su/Pt7qtm9
American College of Veterinary Surgeons. Thyroid Tumors. ACVS. [Internet]. 2024 [Recuperado 29 Septiembre 2024]. Disponible en: https://goo.su/8UU75i
Cook MR, Gasparini M, Cianciolo RE, Brown ME, Moore AS., Curran KM, Maxwell EA, Gasson S, Wustefeld-Janssenss BG., Veluvolu SM., Keepman S, Wouda R, Griffin LR, Selmic LE. Clinical outcomes of thyroid tumors with concurrent epithelioma and mesenchymal components in 14 dogs (2006-2020). Vet. Med Sci. [Internet]. 2022; 8(2):509-516. doi: https://doi.org/n9gt DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.703
