Seroprevalencia de brucelosis bovina en el este de Argelia: distribución espacial y análisis de factores de riesgo. Nota técnica
Resumen
Este estudio transversal evaluó la prevalencia de brucelosis bovina y sus factores de riesgo asociados en la región de Sétif de Argelia, que abarca diversas zonas agroclimáticas. Entre marzo y diciembre de 2023, se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 391 vacas lecheras en 32 explotaciones y se analizaron utilizando un kit comercial ELISA ID Screen® Brucellosis Serum Indirect Multi-species (conjugado proteína G-HRP), IDVet Innovative Diagnostics, Grabels, Francia. El estudio reveló una seroprevalencia individual del 30,18% y una prevalencia de rebaño del 84,37%, con variaciones significativas entre zonas bioclimáticas. La mayor prevalencia se observó en la zona sur (41,2%), seguida por las zonas de meseta (30,9%) y norte (23,7%). El análisis de regresión logística identificó la introducción externa de animales (P = 0,0001; OR = 20,3; IC 95%: [5,33-77,19]), la infertilidad (P =0,0001; OR = 8,6; IC 95%: [3,71-19,89]) y el historial de abortos(P = 0,0001; OR = 8,9; IC 95%: [3,78-20,49]) como factores deriesgo principales. La ubicación geográfica también influyó enel riesgo de enfermedad, con animales en la zona bioclimáticanorte mostrando probabilidades significativamente más altasde infección (P = 0,017; OR = 3,0; IC 95%: [1,22-7,54]) que en la región central. Durante el período de estudio, se identificaron cinco brotes de brucelosis, lo que llevó a la implementación de medidas de control específicas, incluyendo el sacrificio de 144 animales seropositivos y restricciones en la distribución de productos lácteos no pasteurizados. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de mejorar las medidas de control para los rebaños afectados. El estudio proporciona datos epidemiológicos cruciales para informar políticas basadas en evidencia para el control sostenible de la brucelosis en Argelia.
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